Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books Ii--iv: Tr... Online

: Virtue is a "mean" state between two vicious extremes: Excess : Having too much of a trait (e.g., Rashness). Deficiency : Having too little of a trait (e.g., Cowardice).

: Acts done under compulsion or through ignorance (specifically of particular facts). Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books II--IV: Tr...

Aristotle investigates the conditions under which we are responsible for our actions and details the first two specific virtues. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Action : Virtue is a "mean" state between two

This guide covers Books II through IV of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics , focusing on the edition translated with commentary by C.C.W. Taylor . 🏛️ Book II: The Nature of Virtue Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Books II--IV: Tr...

: The mean regarding fear and confidence. It is the willingness to face death or pain for a noble end.