Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2 〈Instant Download〉

: Modern criteria for GPS and area navigation, including RNP (Required Navigation Performance) and Baro-VNAV.

: Grouping aircraft by stall speed to determine specific obstacle clearance altitudes (OCA/H) for each type. Key Technical Components Icao Doc 8168 Vol 2

: Specific rules for straight and turning departures, often requiring minimum climb gradients (typically 3.3%) to clear obstacles. : Modern criteria for GPS and area navigation,