Older Animations 2023-03-06 09:41:45 -

The dominant technique where each frame is hand-drawn on paper, then traced/photocopied onto transparent acetate sheets (cels) to be painted.

Fantasmagorie (1908) by Émile Cohl is considered the first, utilizing traditional hand-drawn techniques.

Drawings were transferred to cels and painted on the back to create the final colored frame. Historical Significance OLDER ANIMATIONS 2023-03-06 09:41:45

Used to flip back and forth between drawings to check the fluidity of the animation.

This report outlines the techniques, history, and materials used in "old school" or traditional, hand-drawn animation, which dominated the 20th century before the widespread adoption of digital software. The dominant technique where each frame is hand-drawn

An Introduction to the Forms and Materials Used in Animation Art

While digital, tools like Animation Paper exist to emulate the traditional, paper-based workflow. Historical Significance Used to flip back and forth

Hand-drawn animation was the standard for major studios throughout the 20th century. Modern Interpretation