Characterized by enduring internal violence and a government that has lost legitimacy and physical control over its territory.
Scholars like Robert Rotberg categorize states based on their performance in providing security and other "political goods": When States Fail: Causes and Consequences
The extreme end of failure where a total vacuum of authority exists, and political goods are provided only by local, uncoordinated forces. 2. Primary Causes of State Failure Characterized by enduring internal violence and a government
State failure occurs when a nation-state loses its ability to effectively govern its territory, provide essential political goods, and maintain a monopoly on the legitimate use of force . This guide breaks down the core concepts, drivers, and global impacts associated with this phenomenon. 1. Defining the Spectrum of State Strength Primary Causes of State Failure State failure occurs
Deep ethnic, religious, or tribal divisions that are exploited by political elites to fuel violent conflict.